Essential for Beginners: 5 Basic Linux Server Commands

This article introduces 5 basic core commands for Linux servers to help beginners quickly get started. The `ls` command is used to view directory files, displaying the current directory by default. Common parameters include `ls -l` (detailed information), `ls -a` (including hidden files), and `ls [path]` (specifying a directory). The `cd` command switches directories: `cd [directory name]` enters a subdirectory, `cd ..` returns to the parent directory, `cd ~` goes to the home directory, and `cd /` navigates to the root directory. The `pwd` command directly displays the current path, preventing operational errors. `mkdir` creates directories: `mkdir [directory name]` creates a single-level directory, while `mkdir -p [multi-level]` builds nested directories. `df -h` checks disk space, with `-h` converting to human-readable units to view partition sizes and usage rates. These 5 "foundation" commands are fundamental for server management. Practicing parameters (e.g., `ls -l/a`, `mkdir -p`) and familiarizing with the "parameter + target" mode will help beginners gradually advance their skills.