Git Branching Strategies: Choosing and Applying GitHub Flow vs. Git Flow
Branch strategies address code conflicts and version management issues in multi-person collaboration, enabling more organized teamwork. The mainstream strategies are GitHub Flow and Git Flow. GitHub Flow is minimalist and flexible, with only two branches: `main` (the main branch) and temporary branches (e.g., `feature/xxx`). The process is straightforward: create a temporary branch from `main`, make modifications, and merge back to `main` via a Pull Request (PR), supporting continuous deployment. Its advantages include simplicity, efficiency, and rapid iteration, making it suitable for personal projects or scenarios requiring quick updates. However, it lacks version planning and is unsuitable for complex version management. Git Flow has clear division of labor with five branches: `main`, `develop`, `feature`, `release`, and `hotfix`. The process is strict, with fixed responsibilities for each branch and phases such as development, testing, and release. It excels in standardization, orderliness, and risk control, making it ideal for large teams or long-term maintenance projects. On the downside, it has a high learning curve and slower iteration speed. Selection recommendations: Choose GitHub Flow for small teams and fast-paced projects; select Git Flow for large teams or projects requiring version management. The core is to ensure smooth collaboration without sacrificing efficiency.
Read MoreGit Tags and Version Releases: Methods for Marking Important Project Milestones
Git tags are a tool that Git uses to create "snapshots" for specific commits. They can mark project milestones (such as version releases), facilitating version location, rollback, and team collaboration. Tags are categorized into annotated tags (recommended for formal versions, created with the -a -m parameters and a description) and lightweight tags (for quick marking without a description). Usage process: Creating tags (local and remote push), viewing (git tag), and deleting (local with git tag -d, remote via git push origin --delete). Version releases follow semantic versioning (major.minor.patch), with tags applied after stable versions, milestones, or urgent fixes. Tags are static snapshots, distinct from dynamic branches (e.g., master), enabling quick rollbacks to historical versions. Mastering tag operations and following a standardized version numbering system can enhance project management efficiency.
Read MoreGit Version Rollback: How to Undo an Incorrect Commit and Retrieve Code
Git version rollback requires scenario-specific handling to avoid sensitive information leaks or code loss. For un-pushed incorrect commits, use `git reset`: `--soft` retains modifications and only undoes the commit, allowing re-submission of correct content; `--hard` completely discards modifications (irreversible, use with caution). For pushed incorrect commits, use `git revert` to create a new undo commit (safe for collaboration), e.g., `git revert HEAD` or specify a hash value. If code is accidentally deleted, use `git reflog` to view operation history, find the target commit hash, then restore with `git reset --hard <hash>`. Note: Prefer `--soft` for un-pushed commits, always use `revert` for pushed commits, avoid `--hard` in multi-person collaboration, and confirm the commit hash before operations.
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