Git for Beginners: Complete Process from Repository Creation to Project Deployment
This article systematically introduces the basic usage of Git, covering core concepts and operation processes. Git is a version control system that can record file modifications, prevent conflicts in collaboration, and manage branches, such as for paper backtracking or team parallel development. Installation methods include Windows (official website), Mac (Homebrew), and Linux (apt/yum). To configure identity, use `git config --global` to set the name and email. A local repository is created with `git init`, followed by staging with `git add` and committing with `git commit`. `git status` and `git log` can be used to check the status and history. For branch management, use `branch` to create, `checkout` to switch, and `merge` to combine branches, with conflicts resolved manually when necessary. Remote repositories (e.g., GitHub/Gitee) are associated using `remote add`, and synchronization is achieved with `push` and `pull`. During deployment, the code is pulled, built (e.g., `npm run build`), and then deployed using Nginx or Node.js. Commands like `init`, `add`, `commit`, `merge`, and `push` are essential to master. The core workflow is "local repository → branch → remote synchronization → deployment," and proficiency can be achieved through practice.
Read MoreGit Version Control Basics: What is a Version Control System?
Version control solves the problem of "breaking changes and being unable to revert" and multi - person collaboration. A Version Control System (VCS) is an "intelligent filing cabinet" that can record modifications, support rollbacks, and enable collaboration. VCS is divided into three categories: local (only for a single device), centralized (relying on a central server, such as SVN), and distributed (with a complete local copy, such as Git, which can be used offline and has flexible branches). Git is a mainstream distributed VCS developed by Linus Torvalds. Its core advantages include: fast speed, strong branch management (supporting parallel development), and tracking file differences (saving space). Its core concepts include: repository (local/remote), commit (snapshot recording modifications), and branch (parallel development path). Git can handle scenarios such as multi - person collaboration, historical rollbacks, and parallel development. It is an essential skill for programmers, making development more organized and efficient.
Read MoreDistributed Version Control: Differences between Git and SVN and Git's Advantages
Version control is a core tool for team collaboration, with Git and SVN being the mainstream choices, yet they differ significantly in architecture. SVN is centralized, where only the central server holds the repository, relying on networked commits and updates. It lacks a complete local history, has cumbersome branches, and makes conflict resolution complex. In contrast, Git is distributed, with each individual having a full local repository, enabling offline work. Git features lightweight branches (e.g., created with just a few commands), high efficiency in parallel development, and allows local resolution of merge conflicts. It also ensures data security (via a complete local repository) and boasts a well-established community ecosystem. Git excels in distributed flexibility (supporting offline operations), powerful branch management (facilitating parallel development), data security, and efficient merging. SVN is suitable for simple collaboration, while Git is better suited for complex collaboration scenarios in medium to large teams. Beginners are advised to first master Git's core concepts for higher long-term collaboration efficiency.
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