Linux Server Basics: From Installation to Network Configuration

This article introduces the basics of Linux servers, covering core steps and key skills. Linux servers, based on open - source systems, are suitable for stable service scenarios (such as those adopted by Alibaba Cloud). For beginners, it is recommended to use Ubuntu Server (user - friendly for novices), CentOS Stream (enterprise - level), and Debian (for basic learning). When installing, virtual machines (VMware/VirtualBox) are preferred, and ISO images and resources of 2 cores, 4G memory, and 40G storage are required. Taking Ubuntu as an example, during virtual machine installation, a username and password need to be set, and automatic partitioning should be used. The core of the system is the command - line interface. Basic commands such as `ls` (list files), `cd` (change directory), and `sudo` (elevate privileges) are commonly used. For network configuration, a static IP needs to be set (CentOS modifies the network card file, while Ubuntu uses Netplan), and ports 80 and 22 should be opened. After installing the SSH service (sshd for CentOS and ssh for Ubuntu), remote connections can be made using Xshell on Windows, or directly via the `ssh` command on Linux/macOS. Key steps include: choosing a distribution → installing in a virtual machine → basic commands → network configuration → SSH connection. Beginners are advised to further study permission management, deploying services such as Nginx, and system monitoring tools. For issues, they can refer to the `man` manual or official documentation.