Linux Server Basics: From Installation to Basic Configuration
Linux servers are the preferred choice for servers due to their stability, security, open-source nature, and ease of customization. Before installation, download the Ubuntu Server or CentOS Stream image, create a bootable USB using Rufus or dd, and boot from the USB drive at startup. During installation, select the language and time zone; for beginners, automatic partitioning is recommended. Set up a regular user and check the option to install OpenSSH. After installation, restart and log in. For basic configuration, set a static IP (using Netplan for Ubuntu and NetworkManager for CentOS), manage software with apt/yum/dnf, create a regular user, and disable direct root login. Use ufw on Ubuntu and firewalld on CentOS to enable the firewall. Subsequent learning topics include web server, database, and Docker deployment, with practice being key.
Read MoreZero to Hero: A Guide to Installing Linux on a Server
This article introduces a Linux server installation guide suitable for beginners. Linux servers are secure, efficient, and ideal for high-concurrency tasks, making them fundamental for operations and maintenance. Before installation, the appropriate scenario should be chosen: either a local virtual machine (requiring software like VirtualBox and an Ubuntu Server ISO) or a cloud server (e.g., Alibaba Cloud ECS). Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS is recommended. For local virtual machine installation: Create a virtual machine (with at least 2GB RAM and a 20GB dynamically allocated hard disk), mount the ISO for booting, select English for installation, use automatic partitioning, set a username and password, check the OpenSSH server option, and verify login after reboot. For cloud server installation: Create an instance on Alibaba Cloud (1 core, 2GB RAM, Ubuntu image) and connect via SSH (using keys for enhanced security). Post-installation verification includes executing `lsb_release -a` to check the version, using `ping` to test network connectivity, and running `sudo apt update` to verify permissions. Beginners should note password security, bridged networking for virtual machines, and installing tools like `vim`. Mastering minimal installation, remote connection, and permission management will enable smooth entry-level operations following the step-by-step instructions.
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