Linux Server Basics: From Installation to Network Configuration
This article introduces the basics of Linux servers, covering core steps and key skills. Linux servers, based on open - source systems, are suitable for stable service scenarios (such as those adopted by Alibaba Cloud). For beginners, it is recommended to use Ubuntu Server (user - friendly for novices), CentOS Stream (enterprise - level), and Debian (for basic learning). When installing, virtual machines (VMware/VirtualBox) are preferred, and ISO images and resources of 2 cores, 4G memory, and 40G storage are required. Taking Ubuntu as an example, during virtual machine installation, a username and password need to be set, and automatic partitioning should be used. The core of the system is the command - line interface. Basic commands such as `ls` (list files), `cd` (change directory), and `sudo` (elevate privileges) are commonly used. For network configuration, a static IP needs to be set (CentOS modifies the network card file, while Ubuntu uses Netplan), and ports 80 and 22 should be opened. After installing the SSH service (sshd for CentOS and ssh for Ubuntu), remote connections can be made using Xshell on Windows, or directly via the `ssh` command on Linux/macOS. Key steps include: choosing a distribution → installing in a virtual machine → basic commands → network configuration → SSH connection. Beginners are advised to further study permission management, deploying services such as Nginx, and system monitoring tools. For issues, they can refer to the `man` manual or official documentation.
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This article introduces Linux server installation and basic service deployment, suitable for zero-basic learners. Linux is the preferred choice for servers due to its stability and security. Unlike the desktop version, the server version focuses on performance optimization. Installation preparation: Minimum hardware requirements are 1-core CPU, 2GB memory, and 20GB hard disk (SSD is better). Recommended distributions include CentOS (enterprise-grade stability) or Ubuntu Server (user-friendly for beginners). Taking CentOS 7 as an example, download the minimal ISO, perform automatic partitioning, set the root password, and restart. Basic configuration: Configure a static IP (to avoid changes), create a regular user, and disable direct root login. The firewall should only open necessary ports (e.g., 80 for web services). Core service deployment: Practical deployment of Nginx (web server), vsftpd (FTP server), and MariaDB (database), with installation, startup, and verification methods introduced respectively. Summary: The process is minimal installation → network security configuration → core service deployment. Security and stability are key, and subsequent exploration can be done on complex architectures (e.g., LAMP/LNMP).
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